Try a bit of Googling-
$1 has some decent pictures of vision quality and how some disorders affect vision.
My mom (total blind) was friends with a "vision advocate" (also totally blind) who had goggles with lenses simulating issues like cataracts, blindness, etc. I don't know how or where to find them but for fully-sighted people, it can provide some decent insight. Maybe getting in touch with a local DVR office or council for the blind or similar might have some resources to find these for a better first-hand experience.