There are haptic devices that detect hazards. The sunu band is wrist. The buzz clip attaches to clothing and I believe there is a cane. That said, this is a project so it is okay to look at reinventing the wheel. In general, upper body obstacles that do not extend to the floor can present problems. This can include low hanging signs or any other head or chest height objects that do not extend to the floor. Also, if you design a device think about how the user might feel with a vibrating band attached to their head. Likely very annoying. Hats are tricky. Would it be unisex? stylish? formal or informal? I know I am joking a bit but I would also challenge you to rethink hats. Integration with sunglasses or AfterShockz\-like headsets might be better. Speaking of headsets, Bone conduction headphones are great for any audio feedback. They allow the user to hear ambient noises and the headphone and are therefore less of a safety risk. I wouldn't want to have an earphone in and miss the sound of an oncoming car.
Not to change your project too much but an up and coming area is indoor navigation. Beacons may be part of the solution. A bone conduction headset that integrates with beacon detection is cool. If there was also upper body hazard detection that would be cool. Hey in an ideal world add gps for outdoor nav and beacon detection for indoor nav. Blindsquare is an app that most of this but a dedicated device might be good. Imagine if your university building had beacons describing the surroundings. They could be used by blind and partially sighted people but may also be used by visitors and conference goers to find their way around an unfamiliar space by advertising a specific app to download on their iPhone or Android phone.
Here is one article about beacons.
$1