I work on a software tool for wayfinding designers (the people that design these signs). Depending on the laws in your country; there are some very strict specifications for sign placement. (Such as the the distance from the floor to the bottom of the sign, and the sign's distance from the door jam.) This placement may also depend on the primary purpose of the building; for example elementary schools may position signs lower on the wall, so that children can reach them. The idea of these guidelines is so that we all place our signs in the same position (relative to the door), so that it's easier to intuit.
$1. There's also all sorts of rules about contrast, font legibility and sizing.