Hello! I am not a blind person (I work with blind people and my daughter is blind, that's why I'm here) but blindness is a symptom, not the condition itself. So there's dozens of different 'ways' or reasons that someone loses their vision, and all of them are different. This link only covers a few of them, but you can see that different eye conditions see things differently.
$1 . And even those images don't show the range of how people see. Someone with, say, Retnitis Pigmintosa might have lost all their vision, or just have 'light perception' which is just being able to tell if it's light or dark. This video is also really good
$1 .
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I can't seem to find the exact number right now, but only like 10-20% of people who are legally blind are completely blind (ie: seeing only blackness). So most blind/visually impaired people might be able to see shadows, or if it's dark or light, or some bright lights, or things very very close or at certain angles.
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I know this doesn't REALLY answer your debate, but I hope it helps!