As a recruiter, the best thing you can do is apply and get an interview where you can then ask for accommodations. Calling may get you an untrained person who doesn't know the law about how to accomodate someone with a disability so it's best if you can get to the interview stage with a manager.

You won't know until you apply! Don't mention it in the application. If it's a phone call first, bring it up at the end of the call when you have a chance to ask questions. If it's in-person, let them know as you schedule the interview and be ready to talk about it right away. If they turn you down because of it, ask to come in anyway to discuss which other jobs you could do with your limited vision.

As a recruiter, I always vastly prefer when a candidate lets me know their needs in our initial emails or call. It's embarrassing for both of us when I've not been able to take into account the others person's needs! We can easily make sure the place we meet is more well lit or has no stairs once we know!

I'd support the idea of telling them at the end of the call (email is a poor second option, but if you have no choice, go with it.) Get to know them as a person first then let them know, that's how I play it. If I remember. I forget to tell people all the time, so it's completely reasonable at the end of the call to go "oh, by the way..." because I do that quite honestly very often.

I'm going to try being really honest here, but this is the reality. It is totally possible that, as you put it, the vision will hold you back and you will trip over something. Both those things happen to me all the time. I guess it's just a case of preparing yourself for that situation because the only other alternative is not to do stuff, and there's no way I'm letting that happen. If I screw up I just start doing something else really quickly so they don't have time to dwell on it. That means you don't have time to dwell on it either.

I mean obviously, if you have a limb hanging off or something like that, yell medic and wait for an ambulance.