NVDA is a great Windows screen reader. I hope that this helps.

First of all, may I suggest visiting an eye doctor? Being blind or visually impaired isn't fun, believe me, and if you can prevent it, all the better. You said you're unemployed, so I really hope you have access to some kind of healthcare.

And for the question, on the phone, both iPhone and Android, there are fairly good TTS engine that can help you. I don't know about iPhone, but Android has a feature that enables you to select a peace of text and listen to it being read by the TTS engine. In addition, on Android you can use Google Assistant to read an article on the browser. After setting up Google Assistant to work with your prompt of Ok Google, say "Ok Google, read the screen". Most unscreen keyboards also have a voice button that you can use for dictation. Just activate it and start talking, saying punctuations like period, comma, etc.

On Mac and Windows there are native screen readers, but on Windows the sound isn't very good, it may take you some time to get used to it. On Mac the speech program is called VoiceOver and on Windows Narrator.

Also, Google Docs on Google Chrome browser let's you click a button and start speaking whatever you want to write. It's pretty good. I believe there is also an add-on for Google Docs that reads whatever text you paste or type in it.

Hope it helps.

I’d recommend zoomtext or software like read&write or Kurzweil which are also for people with learning disabilities like dyslexia if you just want a paragraph read aloud and don’t need to navigate nonvisually.

People have already mentioned NVDA, which I think you'll like if you practise using it (I suggest putting your mouse in another room while you do so). You might also find the app Balabolka (Ihope I've spelled that right) useful; it can be used to read text files and save them as audio files.