Yes. I work at See3D, a nonprofit that 3D prints for the BLV community. If you submit a request at See3D.org we will make what you need for free. I will also DM you my email address if you want to know more about what my blind coworkers use.

Sighted person so I have no idea but a lot of 3d printing is debugging because the printers tend to be finnicky (at least at first). Once they're tuned in and you have the slicer parameters all set, you can get reliable prints (though some models will generally be problematic). Still, identifying and fixing problems might require help. Also there's a hot-end that moves around the bed and reaches temperatures of 200+ Celsius, which you'd have to watch out for. Note that all this is for FDM parts. I don't have experience with SLA printers but I can tell you they have their own unique quirks/problems.

If you're designing your own parts in CAD such as OpenSCAD or other software (OpenSCAD involves 'programmatically' creating your models (think text-editor) but idk how accessible other software is), I see no reason why you can't design parts.

The biggest issue is finding a program that works with JAWS. A lot of them have you draw something on the screen and then do a bunch of manipulations to make it printable.