With audio books, you can always play them at 2-3x speed. I rarely play things at 1x these days — mainly only if I really like the narrator, or if playing it to listen together with my partner. It's still slower than reading visually, but not by too much.
From your word choice, it sounds like you're from the UK. If so, check out RNIB Reading Services, plus RNIB Bookshare if you're affiliated with a school somehow. If US,
$1 & NLS BARD. Various other services elsewhere. Lots of free audiobooks, epub, etc.
O&M in the UK is provided by your local council. As it turned out, mine (Newham) didn't even require a CVI. In the US, each state is different. Ask to find out what your local O&M agency actually requires, so you know what paperwork obstacles you actually have or don't.
I suggest just going straight to guide cane, rather than getting an ID cane. Better to have that skillset even if you can get by without, and being able to navigate fully blind lets you rest your eyes for when you need them more.
You could try more abstract art that is blurry-compatible. Or more physical stuff, like pottery, sculpture, gardening, etc.
Giant monitor and the OS zoom accessibility feature works. Diagrams are rather a pain to make accessible. Spreadsheets are doable but require a lot of mental state to track things well. Try out the various options and talk with a rehabilitation specialist; you'll get used to what you can and can't do through what medium. And ask your doctor about whether your condition is likely to progress; if so, you may want to prepare the skillset now for your future self.