You can learn Unified English Braille at
$1 for free-contracted/grade 1, uncontracted/grade 2, and, for the incredibly brave, Nemeth Code (Mathematic Braille).
At the first sight (excuse the pun) of any sight loss, get in contact with your local blind society/service and get assessed. They will recommend the right kind of eye doctor you should see, occupational therapy, orientation and mobility, or other services you might need, and they'll know some ways for you to get them if money is a barrier.