For sure look into another career path as a fail safe, but I can tell you what I use, granted, I work on Procreate rather than any adobe products. I also don't specialize in graphic design by any means, as much as I just draw stuff to put on Redbubble and the like.

There isn't any official app you can do to make these things easier to do, but looking through your settings to make things work for you is very possible.

I like to make sure that every (flat) color is it's own separate layer. This allows me to move things more easily should I place them in any weird position, or feel that things aren't aligned properly.

Procreate also allows me to change the color and width of lines. This makes them much easier to see, but I recommend seeing if your program has a snapping or magnet feature you can enable. that will allow your panels to sort of snap into place, and be moved in somewhat equal spacing.

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I'd suggest you change your guides color to something that contrasts better, but I'd also plan ahead and look for something to pivot into. For what it's worth, making screen reader accessible PDFs is a herculean task and you're probably already prepared to specialize into that.

The simple stark reality is there is none, and most blind people don’t do this. I think if it gets worse look and prepare for a career change. This is one of them that you can’t really do as a blind person. Other forums of art yes.