Well, you could try to get a masters/PhD in a country where education is free or at least considerably cheaper than in the US. One option would be Germany,
here is a concrete example of a graduate school application page. Instruction is in English, so this should not be an impediment.
You will probably have to work part time to finance your studies, but the labor market in Germany is quite a bit better than in the US these days. If you are lucky, you could also get a scholarship to cover part of your cost of living. Altogether, you might not need to take on any more debt to complete your Masters. As for the PhD programs, in many places you are paid while you are doing your research. Even if the pay is not great, it would cover your expenses for the duration of your studies.
Admittedly, this career path is not giving you much in terms of stability, steady pay etc., but you can advance, at least scientifically...