The new Oregon law mandates that employers post schedules a minimum of 7 days before the start of the next work week, with a provision to change to 14 days starting in 2020. The laws are designed to promote stability and predictability in the work-life balance of employees. This came about because it was commonplace for employees retail and service industries to be in situations where they might be a few days from the start of new work week and still not know what days they would be working, whether they would have 20 hours or 30 or 15, etc.

As of right now, I don't think that this particular law affects Starbucks very much, at least not until next year. When I was a partner, the company had already adopted posting schedules a minimum of 10 days in advance.

I'm not sure why your manager is making schedules even further in advance. I know we were required to do forecasting essentially 3 weeks in advance, and some managers would often do the bulk of their scheduling while they were forecasting, but then still not post it until the following week so they could tweak if needed. Maybe that's what your SM is doing, or maybe she's just really likes to do a lot of advance planning.

Either way, I think if you find yourself regularly needing to make requests within a few weeks notice, you may just need to have a conversation with her. If she's reasonable and you have a good reason why you need that flexibility, I don't see why she wouldn't accommodate you. If a schedule isn't posted yet, it's not very difficult to switch things around here and there.