Dude. You won’t get in trouble. The person who picked up is probably irritated that you called out but don’t let that bother you.

Look up the resource for calling out. It’s technically the supervisor’s job if you let them know. (This at least goes for where I work in the US)

It would be helpful if you could, but it seems that the bug snuck up on you which unfortunately happens. It sucks that you have to call in but don’t worry too much about it.

It’s courteous to the people working during your shift to find coverage for your shift. I recommend also letting your store manager know that you are staying home sick. You are not allowed to work if you have a stomach bug according to food safety standards, so you should not get in trouble. According to Starbucks policy, you may call out with an illness to your shift lead and manager at any point before your shift and you are not responsible for anything else. Only when you make a habit of it will you be required to provide doctors notes or the like. I’m sure this information is available in the Partner Hub and/or partner handbook. Sounds to me like your shift was just trying to scare you into coming in to work.

Well technically you’re supposed to call in at least 3 hours before your shift starts. You’re lucky they didn’t tell you to suck it up and come in anyways. You technically though are not obligated to cover the shift yourself but do not call in this late ever again. Try and have some empathy for the people currently working at your store and realize how difficult it will be to cover your shift, if at all, this close to it.

EDIT: I feel like I didn’t quite communicate this well enough. Obviously if you have a stomach bug don’t go into work. I’m just saying there IS protocol and they didn’t follow it, I’ll admit my one comment about being lucky was rude though.